ABOUT THE BOOK

Economic development ideally refers to the sustained, concerted actions of communities and policymakers that improve the standard of living and economic health of a specific locality. It can be referred to as the quantitative and qualitative changes in an existing economy. It involves development of human capital, increasing the literacy ratio, improve important infrastructure, improvement of health and safety and others areas that aims at increasing the general welfare of the citizens. Education, entrepreneurship, physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. It is hoped that the present edition of this book will be beneficial to all concerned of the society, in general and students, lawyers, advocates, academicians, human rights institutions, researchers and NGOs working in Developmental studies/South Asian Studies field, in particular.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Sukanta Sarkar (MA, Ph.D) i s wor k ing as Assistant Professor in Faculty of Management Studies, ICFAI University, Agartala, Tripura, India. He did bachelor and master degree in Economics from Tripura University. He was awarded doctorate degree for his research work on socio-economic changes of rubber tappers in Tripura. He qualified UGC-NET Exam in December/2006. He presented many research papers in various seminars, conferences and symposiums. Various research papers have been published in foreign and national journals. He also previously worked as visiting lecturer in National Institute of Technology, Agartala and Tripura University. He has research interest in various topics like agricultural crisis, rural development, women empowerment, sustainable development and social problems. He has authored books relating to Corruption, Human trafficking, Orphan children, Rubber plantation, Corporate social responsibility, Handicraft workers, Deforestation, Environmental pollution, Agrarian economics, Illegal trafficking, Environmental Science, Autonomous District Council & Tribal Welfare and Social security.

Dr. Suman Kalyan Chaudhury (M.Com., MBA., Ph.D) is a distinguished scholar in the field of Finance & Accounting and a dedicated researcher and teacher. He is currently Post- Doctorate Scholar, Department of Business Management, F.M. University, Odisha. He has published 75 research papers in different referred National and International journals and magazines & editor of 27 books. At present under his guidance 08 research scholars are doing Ph.D in the area of Management and seven scholars have been awarded Ph.D. He has innate curiosity and his passion for management and industry is unique in style. His experience in this vast field is unparallel. He has engaged number of students in cutting edge research. His area of interest on research covers Financial Management , Accounting , Entrepreneurship, Micro Finance and Corporate Governance. To his credit Dr. Chaudhury has 15 years of teaching experience, 3 years Industry experience along with 8 years research experience. Currently Dr. Chaudhury is working for Berhampur University, Odisha as a Faculty Member, in P.G. Dept. of Business Administration.

CONTENTS

Preface ...................................................................................... 9

Abbreviations ............................................................................11

1. Economic Sectors: Overview ................................................ 15
• What is Economic Development? • Economic Sectors: Types • Needs for Balancing Sectors • Changing of Economic Sectors in India
• Conclusion • References.

2. Economy of South Asian Countries ...................................... 25
• Introduction • Economic Development in India • Economic Development in Pakistan • Economic Development in Nepal • Economic Development in Bhutan • Economic Development in Sri Lanka • Economic Development in Bangladesh • Economic Development in Maldives • Economic Development in Afghanistan • Conclusion • References.

3. Economy of Bangladesh ........................................................ 45
• Situation of the Economy • Agriculture • Industry • Tourism • Export-Import • Mineral Resources • Fishing • Foreign Remittances • Service Sector • Conclusion • References.

4. Economy of Nepal .................................................................. 63
• Economy of Nepal • Agriculture • Industry • Service Sector • Export-Import • Poverty and Unemployment • Mineral Resources • Foreign Remittances • Transport • Conclusion • References.

5. Economy of Bhutan ............................................................... 79
• Economy of Bhutan • Agriculture • Industry • Transport • Banking • Minerals • Electricity • Poverty and Unemployment • Migration • Tourism • Foreign Remittances • Conclusion • References.

6. Economy of Sri Lanka ........................................................... 93
• Introduction • Economy of Sri Lanka • Agriculture • Industry • Banking Sector • Transport • Tourism • Mineral Resources • Poverty and Unemployment • Export-Import • Foreign Remittance • Conclusion • References.

7. Economy of Pakistan ........................................................... 109
• Introduction • Economy of Pakistan • Agriculture • Industry • Banking • Tourism • Transport • Minerals • Poverty and Unemployment • Electricity • Export-Import • Foreign Remittances • Conclusion • References.

8. Economy of Maldives .......................................................... 133
• Introduction • Economy of Maldives • Agriculture • Fishing • Industry • Tourism • Mineral Industry • Energy • Export-Import • Conclusion • References.

9. Economy of Afghanistan ..................................................... 143
• Introduction • Economy of Afghanistan • Agriculture • Industry • Banking • Mining • Energy • Tourism • Export-Import • Drug Trafficking • Conclusion • References.

10. Economy of India ................................................................. 163
• Introduction • Economy of India • Agriculture • Industry • Animal Husbandry • Plantation • Transport • Mining • Export-Import • Banking • Infrastructure Development • Foreign Direct Investment • Foreign Remittance • Conclusion • References.

11. Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia ........................... 191
• Introduction • Importance of Foreign Direct Investment • Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh • Foreign Direct Investment in Sri Lanka• Foreign Direct Investment in Maldives • Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan • Foreign Direct Investment in Afghanistan • Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal • Foreign Direct Investment in Bhutan • Foreign Direct Investment in India • Multi-Brand Retail Sector • Pharmaceutical Sector • Indian Railway • Shipping Industry • Telecom Industry • Food Processing Sector • Steel Industry • Cement Industry • Defence Sector • Civil Aviation Sector • Insurance Sector • Banking Sector • Automobile Industry • Indian Airport • Agriculture Sector • Conclusion • References.

12. Balance of Payment Situations of South Asian Countries . 213
• Introduction • What is Balance of Payment? • Components of Balance of Payments • Type of Balance of Payment • Approaches to the Balance of Payment • Significance of Balance of Payments • Reasons for Current Account Deficit in Balance of Payments • Balance of Payments in Pakistan • Balance of Payment in Nepal • Balance of Payments in Bhutan • Balance of Payment in Bangladesh • Balance of Payment in Sri Lanka • Balance of Payment of Maldives • Balance of Payment in India • Conclusion • References.

13. Terrorism in South Asian Countries ................................... 233
• Introduction • Meaning of the Concept • Types of Terrorism • Causes of Terrorism • Global Terrorism • Global Terrorism Index • Terrorism in Pakistan • Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir • Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) • Jaish-e-Mohammed • Lashkar-e-Taiba • Insurgency in Pakistan • Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir • Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) • Jaish-e-Mohammed • Lashkar-e-Taiba • Insurgency in Northeast India • Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 • Conclusion • References.

14. Disaster Management System in South Asia ...................... 249
• Introduction • What is Disaster Management? • Significance of Disaster Management • Disaster Management: Global Perspectives • Disaster Management in India • Disaster Management in Bangladesh • Disaster Management in Pakistan • Disaster Management in Nepal • Disaster Management in Bhutan • Disaster Management in Sri Lanka • Disaster Management in Maldives • Disaster Management in Afghanistan • Effects of Disaster • Conclusion • References.

15. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ........... 269
• Introduction • History of the SAARC • South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement • South Asia Free Trade Agreement • Future and Challenges • Conclusion • References.

Bibliography ......................................................................... 275

Index ..................................................................................... 279