ABOUT THE BOOK

Twentieth century history witnesses many political upheavals in the international arena. History of the inter-war period emerges as an academic discipline and almost becomes an interdisciplinary domain similar to global studies. Students of history delve deep into the trajectories of historical development taking place after the First World War. Hence, the International relations in the inter-war period becomes a fascinating intellectual discourse which invites academicians to incorporate all such issues in their undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Their importance was felt across the years of the century and is still felt relevant.

This book has been a noble attempt to discuss all such important international happenings in a limited framework following the onset of the First World War until the closure of the second one. It is in the form of a textbook and every effort has been made to maintain the standard. The language followed is precise and self-convincing. I believe the book in its present shape benefit the learners.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Having First Class Academic Career throughout, Dr. Prasanta Kumar Nayak (b.1967) received M.A., M. Phil and Ph. D. degrees from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar and joined the Department of Higher Education, Government of Arunachal Pradesh as Lecturer in History in July 1992. At present he is serving as Associate Professor in the Department of History at Indira Gandhi Government College, Tezu, Arunachal Pradesh.

Dr. Nayak has published scores of research articles in various journals of repute including EPW; self-authored Higher Education in Arunachal Pradesh (2002), History of Modern Political Movements (2003) published by Akansha Publishing House, New Delhi and Periodisation of History: Arunachal Pradesh (2017) by Kalpaz Publications, New Delhi; completed Research Projects sponsored by UGC and ICHR; and prepared Course Materials for the Distant Learners of University of Mumbai, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar and Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. His present academic interests include the Developmental History of Arunachal Pradesh and the Economic History of Modern Odisha. His recent feat of accomplishment has been the Outstanding Teacher’s Award received from the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh in 2016.

CONTENTS

Preface. 7

1. The United Nations Organisation (UNO). 9
• Objectives • Introduction • The UNO • Formation • Objectives • Structure • The General Assembly • The Security Council • The Secretariat • The Trusteeship Council • Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) • International Court of Justice (ICJ) • Specialised Agencies • International Labour     Organisation (ILO) • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) • International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Food and Agricultural     Organisation (FAO) • World Health Organisation (WHO) • Universal Postal Union (UPU) • International Telecommunication Union (ITU) • International     Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) • World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) • Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO)     • International Finance Corporation (IFC) • International Development Association (IDA) • UNDP, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UWHCR and UNICEF     • GATT, INCB, WIPO and UPOV • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) • UNO and the Human Rights     • Achievements and Failures of the UNO • Kashmir • Congo • Cyprus • Korea • Accomplishments of the United Nations • Maintenance of International Peace     and Security • Social Accomplishments • Economic Accomplishments • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References.    
2. Rise of Bi-Polar World . 61

• Objectives • Introduction • The Cold War • Background of the Cold War in 1945 • What is Cold War? • Origin of the Cold War • Basis of the Cold War • Causes of Cold War • Super Power Rivalry (1945-1980) • Effects of the Cold War • The Berlin Crisis • The Cuban Crisis • The Suez Crisis • The Afghan Crisis • Problems of Disarmament • Disarmament Conferences (1946-1972) • Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) - I (1972) • SALT II (1979) • Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) • The United States and Western Europe • Revival of Western Europe • The Marshall Plan • The Truman Doctrine  • Formation of the NATO - Its Objectives and Implications • De Gaulle’s France and Rift in NATO • France in the Post-War Period • France under De Gaulle and the Rift in NATO • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References.     

3. Last Phase of Cold War . 133

• Objectives • Introduction • The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe • Political and Economic Relations • Political • Economic • Military • The Warsaw Pactand its Objectives • Signing of the Pact • Objectives • Working of the Pact • The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia • Soviet Intervention in Hungary-1956• Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia – 1968 • Gorbachev Era • Rise of Gorbachev • Glasnost • Perestroika • Implementation of Perestroika andGlasnost • Dissolution of the USSR • The August Coup • Formation of the CLS and the end of the USSR • Disintegration of Socialist Bloc and End ofCold War • Change from Bipolar to Unipolar World System • New World Order • Unipolar World or Interdependent World • Impact on Third World• Positive Developments • Negative Developments • Globalisation- Its Economic and Political Implications • Definition • History of Globalisation • ModernGlobalisation • Features of Globalisation • Economic Implications • Political Implications • Regional Security and Alliances: Concept of Regional Security• Regional Security Alliances and UNO • Advantages of Regional Alliances • Disadvantages of Regional Alliances • Working of the Regional SecurityAlliances • Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) or the Baghdad Pact • Provisions of the CENTO • Reactions against CENTO • South East AsiaTreaty Organisation (SEATO) • Implications of the Treaty • The Association of the South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) • South Asian Association forRegional Cooperation (SAARC) • First SAARC Summit (Dhaka, 1985) • Second SAARC Summit (Bangalore, 1986) • Third SAARC Summit(Kathmandu, 1987) • Fourth SAARC Summit (Islamabad, 1988) • Fifth SAARC Summit (Male, 1990) • Sixth SAARC Summit (Colombo, 1991) • SeventhSAARC Summit (Dhaka, 1993) • Eighth SAARC Summit (New Delhi, 1995) • Ninth SAARC Summit (Male, 1997) • Tenth SAARC Summit (Colombo,1998) • Eleventh SAARC Summit (Kathmandu, 2002) • Achievements • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References.

4. Asia in World Affairs, 1945-80 .. 217
• Objectives • Introduction • Asia in World Affairs • Arab-Israeli Conflict (1948-1978) • Conflict of 1948 • Conflict of 1956 • War of June 1967 • The War and the UN Charter • US Plan of 1970 • War of October 1973 • Peace Treaty of 1979 • The Palestine Problem and the PLO • Camp David Accord(1979) • Oslo Accords (1993) • Camp David Summit (2000) • Taba Summit (2001) • Road Map for Peace • Present Status • The Iranian Revolution, 1978-79 • Consequences • India in World Affairs • Indo-Pak Relations • Sino-Indian Relations • Indo-US Relations • Indo-Soviet Relations • India and Non-Alignment • Non-alignment and National Interest • Non-alignment and Neutrality • Development of Policy of Non-alignment • South East Asia in World Affairs • The Bandung Conference – 1955 • Purpose of the Conference • Issues Discussed and Decisions Pledged • The Vietnam War • The Geneva Conference, 1954 • The Vietnam Crisis, 1964 • The US Stand • The Kampuchean Problem • First Administration of Sihanouk • The Khmer Republic and the War • Democratic Kampuchea (the Khmer Rouge/ Red Khmer) • People’s Republic of Kampuchea • Modern Cambodia • Sino-Vietnam Conflict, 1979• Background of Sino-Soviet Dispute • Sino-Soviet Border Conflict • Sino- Soviet Relation and Vietnam in 1979 • The Sino-Vietnam War (1979) • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References.

Index . 317