ABOUT THE BOOK

Learning disability is a general term that describes specific kinds of learning problems. It can cause a person to have trouble in learning and using certain skills like reading, writing, listening, reasoning etc. Learning Disabilities are present in at least ten per cent of the population yet little is currently known to parents and teachers. The more one know, the more he can help the persons with learning disabilities. When we have a child with learning and attention issues, books can be a huge help. Keeping in the mind, we planned to write a book on learning challenges of students which would like to take the shape in the form of Edited Book entitled – “Learning Disability: Uncover the Myths”.
This book is about helping youngsters with learning disabilities hold onto their dreams and about helping their teachers, parents, professionals to know more about the maze of challenges.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Amita Bajpai Chief Editor Dr. Amita Bajpai is professor in Lucknow University having a vast experience of teaching and research in special education. She has been the director, Directorate of Distance Education and also the Coordinator (Academic) for the B.Ed in service programme. She has authored two books and published more than 35articles and research papers. She has produced seventeen Ph.Ds and currently seven projects on special and inclusive education are in progress under her supervision.

Meenakshi Dwivedi Co-editor is a UGC Post-doc Research Scholar working for the education of students with Autism. She is the executive member of Learning Disabilities Worldwide, USA and the Indian Science Congress, Kolkata. She is the author of more than seventeen research papers and articles for reputed journals and edited books focusing on inclusive education. She presented papers in international seminars/conferences like 24th World Congress on Learning Disabilities, London and 102nd Indian Science Congress, Mumbai.

CONTENTS

Foreword........................................................................................................... 9
Acknowledgements................................................................................ 11
Authors’ Introduction........................................................................... 13
Introduction........................................................................................... 23

Chapter - 1
Learning Disability: An Overview....................................................... 31
• Abstract • Introduction • Types of Learning Disability • An Overview Based on the Studies in the field of Learning Disability • Suggestions
• Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 2
Identification of Learning Disability.................................................. 41
• Abstract • Introduction • Assessment • Identification (Way Need for Early Identification) • Student Progress • Instructional Planning • Ways to Identify the Learning Disability • Norm- Referenced • Criterion-Referenced • One More Type of Assessment, i.e. Authentic Assessment
• Diagnostic Approaches • Major Models Helpful in Assessment
• Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 3
Learning Disability: Challenges in Identification
and Assessment..................................................................................... 65
• Abstract • Introduction • Diagnosing Learning Disabilities • Challenges in Identification and Assessment • Multidisciplinary Nature of the Field
• Lack of Specific Identification Criteria • Issue of Stigma and Labelling
• Scarcity of Standardised Tools • Lack of Teacher Awareness and Competency • Lack of Proper Research in the Area • Indian Scenario
• Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 4
Learning Disabled: Understanding the Misunderstood.................. 77
• Abstract • Introduction • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 5
• 3 R of Learning and Learning Disability: Challenges
and Possibilities...................................................................................... 91
• Abstract • What is Learning Disability? • Types of Learning Disability
• 3 R and Learning Disability • Dyslexia • Dysgraphia • Dyscalculia
• How to Help Them? • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 6
Dyslexia: A Reading Disorder........................................................... 105
• Abstract • Reading Disorder • Symptoms • Types of Reading Disability • Causes • Diagnosis • Treatments for Reading Disorder • Prognosis and Prevention • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 7
Education for Learners with Dyslexia............................................. 119
• Abstract • Dyslexia • Causes of Dyslexia • Main Educational Effects of Dyslexia • Classroom Strategies for Students with Dyslexia  • Accommo-dations Involving Materials • Accommodations Involving Interactive Instruction • Accommodations Involving Student Performance • Computers and Literacy Skills • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 8
Supporting Learners with Dyslexia.................................................. 133
• Abstract • Dyslexia • Suggestions • References.

Chapter - 9
Dysgraphia: When Writing Hurts..................................................... 145
• Abstract • Learning Disorders • Types of Learning Disorders • Types
of Dysgraphia • Assessment of Dysgraphia • Dysgraphia Checklist
• Intervention • The Power of POWER • Cursive Writing Instead of Printing • Creative Writing with Computer Graphics • References.

Chapter - 10
Dyscalculia: Maths Learning Disabilities........................................ 159
• Abstract • Dyscalculia • Definitions • Symptoms of Dyscalculia • Methods for Diagnosing Dyscalculia • Assistive Technology for Dyscalculia
• Difference between Dyscalculia and Dyslexia • Instructional Modifi-cations Designed to Accommodate Dyscalculia Learners • Conclusion
• References.

Chapter - 11
Dyspraxia: Understanding the Hidden Disorder............................ 171
• Abstract • Dyspraxia • Symptoms of Dyspraxia • The Following are
also Common at Pre-school Age • Social and Sensory • Verbal Dyspraxia
• Causes • Strategies • Helping Dyspraxia Children • Preserve Motivation and Confidence • Upgrade Skill Performance • Teaching Techniques
• Modify and Adapt Environment • Handwriting and Dyspraxia
• Classroom Guidelines • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 12
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and 
Social Skill Development................................................................... 183
• Abstract • Introduction • Social Skills in the Children with ADHD
• Understanding Social Skills Problems • Identifying Children with ADHD • Teaching Social Skills to Children with ADHD • Parenting Advice for Teaching Social Skills • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 13
Psychological Problems of Pre-adolescent Learning
Disabled Students................................................................................ 193
• Abstract • Learning Disability • Types of Learning Disabilities • Why Pre-adolescents with Learning Disabilities a Big Challenge? • Outlook of Teachers, Parents and Society • Remedies/Cures • Further Suggestions
• Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 14
Auditory Problems and Remedial Measures for Children
with Learning Disabilities................................................................... 203
• Abstract • Auditory Process • Incidence and Etiology of CAPD • Trouble in Understanding Speech • Difference between Hard of Hearing and Auditory Processing Disorders • Symptoms of APD include • Diagnosing Auditory Processing Disorders • School Strategies • Role of Teachers
• Role of Parents • Auditory Processing Disorder Checklist • Listening
• Speaking • Phonological Awareness • Language • Family and Developmental History • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 15
Learning Disabled vs Low Achievers .............................................. 217
• Abstract • Introduction • Low Achievers • Learning Disability • Causes of being a Low Achiever • Causes of Learning Disability • Remedial Measures • For Learning Disabled • Similarities between Learning Disabled and Low Achievers • Comparison between Learning Disabled and Low Achievers • Teaching Methods • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 16
Learning Disability and Assistive Technology .............................. 233
• Abstract • Introduction • Learning Disability • Challenges for Student with Learning Disability • Benefits of Assistive Technology • Types of Assistive Technology • Assistive Devices for Reading • Assistive Devices for Writing • Assistive Devices for Calculations • Assistive Devices for Memory • Assistive Devices for Speaking • High-tech Technology • Apps for Mobile Devices • Conclusion • References.

Chapter - 17
Learning Disabilities Worldwide....................................................... 253
• Abstract • References.

Index...................................................................................................... 263